Investigations
l X-rays
n Anteroposterior, axillary (arm abducted at 90 degrees optimal) or outlet (directly facing the glenohumeral joint?)view of shoulder
n To rule out the possibility of the pain coming from bone related problems
u Stress fracture, infection, tumour…
l MRI
n Provides full spectrum view of the shoulder
u Clearer image of ligaments, tendons, muscles
l MRI anthrogram
n MRI but with a contrasting agent
u Like doing X-ray for lymph nodes, need a substance to highlight certain parts of the body
n Local anaesthetic, then needle injection of agent into joint
n Used to check for labral tear
l Musculoskeletal ultrasound
n Can check for muscle, tendon tears
n To check for bleeding, fluid collections in the shoulder joint
http://www.aafp.org/afp/20050901/811.html
http://www.emedicine.com/sports/TOPIC125.HTM
http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=musculous&bhcp=1
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